Back in May 2013, I had an extra swarm to give away and Vernon was in need of a swarm for his self-built Perone hive. We gave him our Mother’s Day Swarm which went into his Perone hive #1. Through Vernon’s updates we’ve learned that the Perone hive that our swarm inhabited, made it through the 2013-2014 winter treatment-free. Vernon built a second Perone hive which he populated with some packaged bees. The following is the story of the second Perone hive…
In Vernon’s words from January 5, 2015…For almost a month the activity at the entry of my newer hive has been near zero. At first I thought the colony was settled in for the Winter, but the weather has been mild and the older hive was still somewhat active. So today I opened the shutters and found that my colony had failed. Although there were a few dead bees left in the hive, it appears that the majority absconded. It’s a clear case of Colony Collapse Disorder. My heart is broken, but I decided to take some pictures to document the failure, in hopes of helping other beekeepers.
2015-01-05…It’s difficult to remove the comb from a Perone brood box. I broke two combs, which isn’t too bad.
Here’s a view from the other side.
Maybe some of the local beekeepers will be able to help me do a post mortem. Some of the comb is very dark, almost black. Is that mold or mildew I’m seeing?
The spaces between the combs appears generally uniform.
This close-up shows that most of the cells were empty, and the black substance was pervasive.
Although this comb measures an impressive 19.5 inches in width, it was, in the end, non-functional. Most of the cells are empty, and those that are capped are covered with that black substance.
It appears that brood was developing when the colony absconded.
A few dead bees remain, but the most concerning thing about the floor is the black mold (or whatever it is).
Close-up of the Black Death and some of its victims. The hive was always very moist inside. Maybe next time I’ll slant the floor, or drill some holes, or make some other provision for drainage.
A solitary worker clings in death to the comb she helped build and fill. You and your mates worked tirelessly, little friend, and I’m sure you’re all in bee heaven now. Hail and farewell!
Vernon wrote yesterday his recent thoughts…”I’ve got a plausible hypothesis for the cause of this hive failure. Some beekeepers equalize the populations of adjacent hives by trading frames. This is supposed to discourage robbing. Early this Spring my Hive #1 probably had close to 100,000 bees. I located Hive #2 adjacent to it, populated with at most 12,000 bees from a 3 pound package. Not smart. Bees from Hive #1 were probably robbing Hive #2 from the start.
Going back over my old photos it’s clear that the new bees built a lot of comb that never got filled, even though they brought back a lot of food and produced a lot of brood. Wouldn’t that indicate robbery from their stores?
Stocking the hive with package bees may have made robbing more likely. The queen was a Carniolan type and the workers were Italians, derived from a number of hives. The brood was Carniolan, so the Italian workers were nursing juvenile bees with a different pheromone signature. That may have desensitized the colony to the unfamiliar pheromones of bees from outside the colony.
What do you think?”
I’m sorry for the Perone hive failure particularly as it looks like the bees were beautiful comb builders. I’m actually more fascinated how all the comb leans to one angle. It looks like mould may have come after the bees died without the colony to ventilate and regulate the temperature inside. Honeybees Suite writes about mould on comb too http://www.honeybeesuite.com/what-to-do-with-moldy-combs/
Good thinking, Emma, and thanks for pointing that out. Also thanks for the link which means the comb might be saved for future use.
I don’t know what to think. 😦 But I think I saw some of that same moldy stuff around the shower edges and I think it’s nasty. 😦
I don’t want to like this post as it’s sad news. Still it sounds like you may have solved the puzzle.
I can’t take credit for solving the puzzle Eddy, that hypothesis came from Vernon, but thanks for mentioning it so I could reword it. (There’s no way I could have come up with that scenario) 🙂
We are building our first Perone hive now for a swarm or Russian bee package whichever comes first. Thanks for sharing the lesson.
Your package bees will probably come first. But you could probably try putting out some bait hives to entice a swarm. Since the top bars are fixed in a Perone hive, I guess you’d have to build the bait hive bars to fit the Perone. Too much work I’m afraid, with little chance for success, but good luck with your Perone (in Maryland?)
The mold is definately post mortum. It turns up when there are no bees to regulate the hive temp and clean the comb. Not sure what you mean by “black stuff”. Some bees wet cap their honey which does look darker than the more visually appealing dry capping. Search for picks in case it matchs up. When there has been robbing in my hives I find the comb that had honey if have a ragged edge and there is a lot of wax debri on the floor yours looks pretty clean. Did you find any bees head down in the comb? One thing to take into account when using package bees for a perone hive is that it is a permenant comb hive. If those bees come from a hive using foundation they will not have regressed in size sufficiently to build small comb. Each generation builds it slightly smaller until it stabilises. I think allowing the bees to find their “natural” comb size before having build comb they will be stuck with might be worth trying, or seed using from a hive already making natural cell size as with your othwr perone. Best of luck.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosema_ceranae
Be careful where you place the Perone Hive. We had it in a sunny area and the comb keeps on falling off, so make sure you have it in the shade!!
The floor is attached to the hive which makes it a challenge to remove. We have left the fallen off comb for now, but will have to find a solution soon.